Which term refers specifically to written defamation?

• A. Slander
• B. Libel
• C. Calumny
• D. Gossip

Answer: (B)

Written defamation is the focus here. Libel is the term used for false statements about a person that are published in writing—things put in print, online, or in other durable forms—that harm that person’s reputation. Because the defaming statement is fixed in a written form, it can be circulated and referenced repeatedly, which is why libel is the specific label for this type of harm.

Slander, by contrast, refers to spoken defamation—false statements made aloud that damage someone’s reputation. Calumny is a broader term for false accusations intended to ruin someone’s character, but it isn’t the precise legal label for written defamation. Gossip is informal chatter and not a formal legal category of defamation, even if it can spread rumors that cause harm.