Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for abuse of older adults?

• A. Decrease in strength and mobility
• B. Isolation
• C. Declining mental ability
• D. Increased cardiac reserve

Answer: (D)

Abuse risk in older adults rises when someone becomes more dependent on others and has less support to rely on. Decreased strength and mobility increases dependence for daily tasks, making the elder more vulnerable to mistreatment or neglect. Isolation cuts off social contact and oversight, so abusive situations are less likely to be noticed and intervened upon. Declining mental ability can impair judgment, communication, and the ability to seek help, which can be exploited by a caregiver or others.

In contrast, increased cardiac reserve signals better cardiovascular fitness and overall health, which does not increase vulnerability to abuse; it can even be associated with greater resilience. So this is not a risk factor.