Which ethical principle is most closely associated with respecting a patient’s right to make their own decisions?

• A. Nonmaleficence
• B. Justice
• C. Autonomy
• D. Beneficence

Answer: (C)

Autonomy is the principle that recognizes a patient’s right to make their own health care decisions, grounded in informed consent and respect for self-determination. In practice, this means providing clear information about options, risks, benefits, and alternatives; ensuring the patient has the capacity to decide; and honoring their chosen course of action, even if it differs from what the clinician would prefer. If a patient refuses treatment, their decision should be respected when they are competent and not unduly coerced, with appropriate documentation and discussion about consequences. While nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice guide how we act, they do not centrally address the patient's right to decide for themselves.