Which ethical principle best describes the concept that all patients have the right to nursing interventions irrespective of race, religion, or gender?

• A. Autonomy
• B. Nonmaleficence
• C. Justice
• D. Beneficence

Answer: (C)

Fairness in who receives care is at the heart of this principle. Justice in nursing ethics means treating all patients equally and ensuring access to necessary nursing interventions regardless of personal characteristics such as race, religion, or gender. The statement reflects this commitment to non-discrimination and equal treatment for everyone who needs care.

Autonomy is about respecting each patient’s right to make their own decisions about care, not about universal access. Nonmaleficence centers on avoiding harm, and beneficence on promoting good, but neither directly captures the obligation to treat people equitably. Justice uniquely describes the obligation to provide fair, unbiased care to all patients. For example, ensuring interpreter services or allocating resources without bias demonstrates justice in action.