Which are the core ethical principles in the ANA Code of Ethics for nurses?

• A. Privacy and confidentiality only
• B. Efficiency and productivity
• C. Loyalty to institution above patient
• D. Respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and accountability

Answer: (D)

The fundamental ethics guiding nursing practice are the principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and accountability as outlined in the ANA Code of Ethics. Each principle shapes how you respond to patients and make care decisions.

Autonomy means honoring a patient’s right to make their own choices about their care, with adequate information to consent or refuse treatment. Beneficence is acting in the patient’s best interest, promoting their well-being and welfare. Nonmaleficence is the obligation to do no harm, carefully weighing risks and benefits before any action. Justice requires fairness and equity in how care is delivered and resources are allocated. Fidelity involves being loyal and trustworthy—keeping promises and following through on commitments to patients. Accountability means taking responsibility for your actions, including being answerable for the quality and ethics of care provided.

The other options miss the mark because they either isolate a single aspect (such as privacy and confidentiality) without capturing the broader ethical duties, emphasize organizational goals like efficiency over patient needs, or advocate prioritizing the institution over the patient, which conflicts with the core duties of advocacy and autonomy.